What is a recession defined as?

A recession is defined as a significant decline in economic activity lasting more than a few months. This definition is grounded in widely accepted economic indicators, such as GDP, employment rates, and consumer spending. When the economy contracts substantially, it typically reflects a downturn in productivity, sales, and overall economic health. A recession can lead to higher unemployment rates and reduced consumer confidence, as people and businesses become more cautious in their spending and investments. This prolonged decline differentiates a recession from short-term fluctuations or mild economic slowdowns, which may not have lasting impacts on economic fundamentals.

In contrast, rapid economic growth, increases in inflation rates, and steady GDP growth do not fit the definition of a recession. Rapid growth signifies economic expansion, while increases in inflation may signify overheating in an economy, and steady GDP growth indicates a stable economic environment, none of which suggests a decline in economic activity.